Shakespeares Macbeth - Macbeth as Oxymoron :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

MacBeth: Oxymoron Act 1 Scene 1 Page 274 Line 12-13: "Fair is foul, and foul is fair: / Hover through the fog and filthy air." This quote is interesting to me because it is an oxymoron. Its impossible how fair can be foul when fair is equal or mild and foul is gross and rotten. Its significance is that the witches delight in the confusion of good and bad, beauty and ugliness. Act 1 Scene 2 Page 279 Line 40: "So foul and fair a day I have not seen" This quote simply means that it's one of those days when fog is followed by sunshine, then a thunderstorm, some hail, and more sunshine. In other words nature is acting somewhat strange. Act 1 Scene 3 Page 282 Line 174-175: "My dull brain was wrought / With things forgotten" Macbeth makes the lying excuse that he was thinking about something so unimportant that he has already forgotten what it was. However, those things are far from forgotten. Act 1 Scene 4 Page 284 Line 13-47: "There's no art / To find the mind's construction in the face" I chose this quote because I thought it was pretty interesting how Duncan tells us not that you can't tell a book by its cover. From him saying this I compare it to Macbeth. Macbeth may look all innocent on the outside, but in the inside who knows what he has going on in his mind. Act 1 Scene 5 Page 286 Line 18-20: "Thou wouldst be great; / Art not without ambition, but without / The illness should attend it" Lady Macbeth is like the witches, she also believes that foul is fair. Ambition "should" be accompanied by "illness." Yet she does not believe that Macbeth is really good. Act 2 Scene 1 Page 295 Line 5-6:"There's husbandry in heaven; / Their candles are all out"   Banquo means that heaven has gone to bed, and has put out its "candles" (the stars) for the night. Its significance is that the night stars will never be as bright again because nature will now be in a state of turmoil and confusion. Act 2 Scene 1 Page 296 Line 41-42: "Is this a dagger which I see before me, / The handle toward my hand?   At this point in time Macbeth thinks he sees a dagger floating in the air and its pointing to Duncan's room. In other words Macbeth is hallucinating. Act 2 Scene 1 Page 297 Line 69-70: "Whiles I threat, he lives: / Words to the Shakespeare's Macbeth - Macbeth as Oxymoron :: GCSE English Literature Coursework MacBeth: Oxymoron Act 1 Scene 1 Page 274 Line 12-13: "Fair is foul, and foul is fair: / Hover through the fog and filthy air." This quote is interesting to me because it is an oxymoron. Its impossible how fair can be foul when fair is equal or mild and foul is gross and rotten. Its significance is that the witches delight in the confusion of good and bad, beauty and ugliness. Act 1 Scene 2 Page 279 Line 40: "So foul and fair a day I have not seen" This quote simply means that it's one of those days when fog is followed by sunshine, then a thunderstorm, some hail, and more sunshine. In other words nature is acting somewhat strange. Act 1 Scene 3 Page 282 Line 174-175: "My dull brain was wrought / With things forgotten" Macbeth makes the lying excuse that he was thinking about something so unimportant that he has already forgotten what it was. However, those things are far from forgotten. Act 1 Scene 4 Page 284 Line 13-47: "There's no art / To find the mind's construction in the face" I chose this quote because I thought it was pretty interesting how Duncan tells us not that you can't tell a book by its cover. From him saying this I compare it to Macbeth. Macbeth may look all innocent on the outside, but in the inside who knows what he has going on in his mind. Act 1 Scene 5 Page 286 Line 18-20: "Thou wouldst be great; / Art not without ambition, but without / The illness should attend it" Lady Macbeth is like the witches, she also believes that foul is fair. Ambition "should" be accompanied by "illness." Yet she does not believe that Macbeth is really good. Act 2 Scene 1 Page 295 Line 5-6:"There's husbandry in heaven; / Their candles are all out"   Banquo means that heaven has gone to bed, and has put out its "candles" (the stars) for the night. Its significance is that the night stars will never be as bright again because nature will now be in a state of turmoil and confusion. Act 2 Scene 1 Page 296 Line 41-42: "Is this a dagger which I see before me, / The handle toward my hand?   At this point in time Macbeth thinks he sees a dagger floating in the air and its pointing to Duncan's room. In other words Macbeth is hallucinating. Act 2 Scene 1 Page 297 Line 69-70: "Whiles I threat, he lives: / Words to the

Stress in the life of young people today Essay

Stress can sometimes be good but if it lasts for a long time it can have negative effects on us, like lack of concentration, tiredness and headaches. The sources of stress are different for everyone but among young people, there are still some main causes that affect almost everyone. To begin with, one of the main sources of stress among adolescents is school. Not only homework, tests and exams cause stress but also the pressure of being successful and comparing themselves to other people make them feel insecure. In addition, parents can put a lot of pressure on their kids so they would get better grades. As a result, children may feel that however hard they try, they are still not good enough. Therefore, I believe it is important to take a break every once in a while and have fun (e.g. read, go to cinema, spend time with friends). Furthermore, thinking about future causes a lot of anxiety for youngsters. Most people want to be successful and have a bright future ahead of them so they are constantly worrying about how to make their dreams come true. I’ve come to the conclusion that everything will eventually work out, wether I worry or not. It is important to stay positive and do things today. To sum up, stress is an inseparable part of our lives and we need to learn how to cope with it. It is essential to relax and maintain a positive attitude. Stress can sometimes be good but if it lasts for a long time it can have negative effects on us, like lack of concentration, tiredness and headaches. The sources of stress are different for everyone but among young people, there are still some main causes that affect almost everyone. To begin with, one of the main sources of stress among adolescents is school. Not only homework, tests and exams cause stress but also the pressure of being successful and comparing themselves to other people make them feel insecure. In addition, parents can put a lot of pressure on their kids so they would get better grades. As a result, children may feel that however hard they try, they are still not good enough. Therefore, I believe it is important to take a break every once in a while and have fun (e.g. read, go to cinema, spend time with friends). Furthermore, thinking about future causes a lot of anxiety for youngsters. Most people want to be successful and have a bright future ahead of them so they are constantly worrying about how to make their dreams come true. I’ve come to the conclusion that everything will eventually work out, wether I  worry or not. It is important to stay positive and do things today. To sum up, stress is an inseparable part of our lives and we need to learn how to cope with it. It is essential to relax and maintain a positive attitude. Stress can sometimes be good but if it lasts for a long time it can have negative effects on us, like lack of concentration, tiredness and headaches. The sources of stress are different for everyone but among young people, there are still some main causes that affect almost everyone. To begin with, one of the main sources of stress among adolescents is school. Not only homework, tests and exams cause stress but also the pressure of being successful and comparing themselves to other people make them feel insecure. In addition, parents can put a lot of pressure on their kids so they would get better grades. As a result, children may feel that however hard they try, they are still not good enough. Therefore, I believe it is important to take a break every once in a while and have fun (e.g. read, go to cinema, spend time with friends). Furthermore, thinking about future causes a lot of anxiety for youngsters. Most people want to be successful and have a bright future ahead of them so they are constantly worrying about how to make their dreams come true. I’ve come to the conclusion that everything will eventually work out, wether I worry or not. It is important to stay positive and do things today. To sum up, stress is an inseparable part of our lives and we need to learn how to cope with it. It is essential to relax and maintain a positive attitude. Stress can sometimes be good but if it lasts for a long time it can have negative effects on us, like lack of concentration, tiredness and headaches. The sources of stress are different for everyone but among young people, there are still some main causes that affect almost everyone. To begin with, one of the main sources of stress among adolescents is school. Not only homework, tests and exams cause stress but also the pressure of being successful and comparing themselves to other people make them feel insecure. In addition, parents can put a lot of pressure on their kids so they would get better grades. As a result, children may feel that however hard they try, they are still no t good enough. Therefore, I believe it is important to take a break every once in a while and have fun (e.g. read, go to cinema, spend time with friends). Furthermore, thinking about future causes a lot of anxiety for youngsters. Most people want to be successful and have a bright future ahead of them so  they are constantly worrying about how to make their dreams come true. I’ve come to the conclusion that everything will eventually work out, wether I worry or not. It is important to stay positive and do things today. To sum up, stress is an inseparable part of our lives and we need to learn how to cope with it. It is essential to relax and maintain a positive attitude. Stress can sometimes be good but if it lasts for a long time it can have negative effects on us, like lack of concentration, tiredness and headaches. The sources of stress are different for everyone but among young people, there are still some main causes that affect almost everyone. To begin with, one of the main sources of stress among adolescents is school. Not only homework, tests and exams cause stress but also the pressure of being successful and comparing themselves to other people make them feel insecure. In addition, parents can put a lot of pressure on their kids so they would get better grades. As a result, children may feel that however hard they try, they are still not good enough. Therefore, I believe it is important to take a break every once in a while and have fun (e.g. read, go to cinema, spend time with friends). Furthermore, thinking about future causes a lot of anxiety for youngsters. Most people want to be successful and have a bright future ahead of them so they are constantly worrying about how to make their dreams come true. I’ve come to the conclusion that everything will eventually work out, wether I worry or not. It is important to stay positive and do things today. To sum up, stress is an inseparable part of our lives and we ne ed to learn how to cope with it. It is essential to relax and maintain a positive attitude.

The Quiet American, By Graham Greene - 1430 Words

Innocence is blindness. To be innocent is to be unaware of principal parts of a situation. When someone is innocent to a problematic situation or crisis, they do not have enough knowledge to form an opinion that could help find a solution. As a result, that person becomes problematic if they attempt to find a solution. People are always biased to the knowledge they have, whether it is true or false, a lot or a little. When innocent people look to solve a problem, they are biased to their innocence, which often causes more harm than good. In The Quiet American, by Graham Greene, Alden Pyle is an innocent, and therefore problematic, character. The novel is set in 1950s Vietnam during the Vietnam War. Pyle is representative of the American forces in the war as his primary goal is to stop communism, and he surmises that he knows the best way to do it. Because of this, he is an example of American exceptionalism, believing that he is most apt to solve the crisis in Vietnam, when in realit y he does not have enough knowledge of the situation at hand, causing more damage than repair. Pyle believes that the American way (his way) is the most effective way. He believes that it is America’s civic duty to assist the Vietnamese and succeed in ridding the nation of communist ideas. He is largely influenced by the ideas of a scholar named York Harding, who pushes for the idea of an uncorrupt â€Å"Third Force† to save Vietnam. Although neither Harding nor Pyle fully understand the conflictShow MoreRelatedThe Quiet American by Graham Greene1629 Words   |  7 PagesGraham Greenes novel, The Quiet American, is more than a political statement about whether or not America or any other country for that matter should become involved in the affairs of another country; Greene makes the question human and personal. The novel can be read as a political and moral reflection on the opening stages of the United States’ involvement in Southeast Asia. Therefore, Greene ’s novel becomes a commentary on the pointlessness of the United States’ later investment of men and materialRead MoreThe Quiet American By Graham Greene1272 Words   |  6 Pages The Quiet American was a book originally written in 1955 by Graham Greene, inspired by the first French Indochina war in Vietnam placed during 1951 - 1954. The author adds a love triangle in the mist of war’s chaos to deepen the reader’s interest. His decision to create a fictional love story during a turbulent time in our history proved to be successful, even though, Greene insists, This is a story and not a piece of history. Bushnell reflects Greene’s comment adding, Unfortunately, The QuietRead MoreEssay on The Quiet American by Graham Greene1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe Quiet American is written by Graham Greene. This novel is about the conflict between Alden Pyle and Thomas Fowler. The novel’s events have already taken place and Fowler is the narrator of t he story. Thomas Fowler, a man in his fifties, is a British journalist who has been covering the events taking place in the French War in Vietnam for over two years. He chooses to remain neutral between the sides of the battles he covers. He meets Alden Pyle, a young American who is well educated and secretlyRead MoreConflicts Involve a Clash of Ideas, Interests and Expectations.808 Words   |  4 Pagesmuch as life. Graham Greene proves this notion in his allegoric novel The Quiet American, as he draws upon political ideologies and represents these through the characters in the novel. Greene places the characters within the context of Indochina War, and presents relationships of the characters symbolically to represent the circumstances of the war. Alden Pyle’s idealism is motivated by interventionism in a Third World country’s affairs; this is a emblematic representation of what Greene himself hadRead MoreAn Interpretation of Graham Greenes The Quiet American1373 Wo rds   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Judging Pyle One of the central themes in Graham Greenes novel, The Quiet American, which functions more as the thesis of this work of literature, is loss of innocence. Most critics and readers of this book generally conclude that the loss of innocence is exemplified through the gradual debauchery of Alden Pyle, the American who comes to live in Vietnam with little first-hand experience or knowledge about the political situation or the people there. One of the principle problems with this commonlyRead MoreThe Quiet American - Taking Sides Is Human789 Words   |  4 PagesThe Quiet American, by Graham Greene, implements a number of techniques to persuade the reader to believe that taking sides is human. This is done mainly through character development, events, narrative and setting. Using these techniques, Graham Greene is able to successfully create invited readings which support his views. Important to this process, character development is the center of this novel, and a powerful force behind the beliefs and invited readings presented by the text. Using charactersRead MoreThe Lottery vs the Destructors Essay examples1046 Words   |  5 PagesThesis In Shirley Jackson’s, â€Å"The Lottery†, and Graham Greene’s â€Å"The Destructors†, the author creates a story filled with symbolism, irony, grim reality, and a ritualized tradition that masks evil, which ultimately showcases how people blindly follow tradition. Outline I. Introduction II. Setting B. Time Period III. Plot A. What messages are seen inRead More Graham Greens The Quiet American Essay976 Words   |  4 PagesGraham Greens The Quiet American The Quiet American by Graham Green is a story set during the Vietnam War before the United States became involved. The main character is Thomas Fowler, an English Reporter stationed in Vietnam. The story follows approximately six months of his life where he is faced with personal, professional, and ethical trials. The story also follows closely, the lives of two close friends, Pyle and Phuong. Each of the three main characters are from a different country, andRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness And The Quiet American1581 Words   |  7 PagesHeart of Darkness and The Quiet American, the treatment of women and victims of imperialism are almost indistinguishable. Joseph Conrad and Graham Greene were both aware of the constraints women in the 19th and 20th century faced for simply being rational and intelligent. Women were objectified and a straightjacket of propriety, during a time of greed and corruption. Although both works contain moments of this reoccurring supp ression, Heart of Darkness and The Quiet American do recognize the power womenRead MoreAn Imperialistic Love Triangle in The Quiet American1742 Words   |  7 Pagesa past of unscrupulous tyrannical power involving carnal pleasures and deviating from the restrictive morals of the â€Å"occidental.† The Orient displays feminine vulnerability with its progress and value judged as inferior to the West. Graham Greene’s The Quiet American presents the treatment of Phuong as a metaphor for how foreign occupying forces treat her native country of Vietnam, and her depiction as having no control in matters of her love life is a motif of the Orient being a feminized other

Therapeutic Goals For The Mendez Family - 1057 Words

Therapeutic goals for the Mendez family will be set after the initial session. One goal for the family is learning and using effective communication strategies. As well as recognizing their role within the family conflicts and disagreements. By doing this they can accomplish another goal of working towards eliminating negative interaction cycles. Working on coping skills to adapt to new environment and unemployment can also be beneficial for the Mendez’s. The family can also work in aiding Josephine in reconnecting with her ethnicity. Another goal is working on finding resources within their new community which will help the family organize around relevant community. Increasing the structure and strengthen the foundation of the family unit†¦show more content†¦Emmanuel speaks Spanish with very little English, while Josephine is Fluent in English and only understands some Spanish. Secondly, the acculturation level is significantly different between the generations and within this single family. For example, Emmanuel appears to maintain close ties to his roots while Josephine has been exposed to the mainstream culture and outside influences. A third issue is Josephine’s racial identity status in regards to her confused identity with her ethnicity. Research Article Summary Congress stated in Cultural and Ethical Issues in Working with Culturally Diverse Patients and their Families that in all aspects of health and mental health care workers interact with patients from many different cultures. This paper introduced an assessment tool for health care professionals to advance understanding of culturally diverse patients and their families. This article applies the culturagram to work with patients and their families in health and mental health settings. The culturagram is a family assessment instrument. It was discussed in this journal article and was originally developed to help social workers understand culturally diverse clients and their families. During the last seven years the culturagram has been applied to work with people of color, battered women, children, and older people. A culturagram examines the following ten areas: Reasons for relocation/immigration, length of time in community,

Genetic Testing - 1383 Words

Genetic Testing Helps Iceland to Become Down Syndrome Free Some might say in response to the above announcement, â€Å"This is positive medical news—both for Iceland and the world. Nothing here should concern the American public. Genetic testing for abnormalities saves children from a life of significant disability and spares their parents painful stress. The subsequent abortions avoid a wretched existence for the children and improves the quality of life for their surviving families. That is not genocide; it is compassion and mercy. Moreover, it relieves both the parents and society from having to shoulder severe medical expenses for care. That reduces insurance rates and liberates medical resources for those who really need them. So†¦show more content†¦They should not receive criticism but love. What deserves the rebuke? It is the system—with all of its subtle pressures—that promotes eugenic genocide. That is what is being done, and that is the real enemy. For hidden within this system lurks a sinister, half-conscious, genetic-selection system. If awakened fully, it will snap eagerly to attention to do its job. What is that? The passion to play god, expressed in the arbitrary elimination of entire people groups deemed aesthetically undesirable and, therefore, less than human. It is the opening shot in a war—a war over who is worthy of birth (humanity) and who is not (non-human garbage). How could that be? What expert can assure that Iceland’s focus will not broaden to include other genetic traits that have nothing to do with disability but are just unfavored socially? The precedent has been set. If history is any guide, that is precisely what will happen. Gender is not a disease, but sexual selection is already an international problem. Moreover, advocates for the disabled currently sound the alarm for the future, such as Lloyd Lewis (president of the Colorado Cross Disability Coalition). In an article for the Denver Post, he asks where genetic testing might lead: Such testing to remove â€Å"abnormalities† will clearly not stop at DS (Downs Syndrome) or other conditions such as spina bifida. Ultimately, the aim will be to detect allShow MoreRelatedGenetic Testing And Prenatal Testing965 Words   |  4 Pagesof genetic testing focused on the topic of prenatal testing to determine disabilities. We have come a long way in discovering a lot about ourselves related to anthropology, but also to help us learn about ourselves in the future. We are able to do some extraordinary things with technology to take preventative measures with diseases, cancers, disabilities and possibly even structure a human one day. I picked prenatal testing and disabilities to discuss how unethical it is to do genetic testing beforeRead MoreThe Issues with Genetic Testing1076 Words   |  4 PagesThe ability to predict disease and one’s health status by means of genetic testing has raised ethical and legal issues and risks in medicine, public health and soc ial policy. Ethical issues are common in all branches of medicine but â€Å"human genetics poses particular challenges and risks because genetic identity or information affect not only an individual, but also affect family members, close relatives, extended family and as well as the society in general† (Turnpenny and Ellard 2012. p. 361). ThereRead MoreGenetic Testing or Genetic Screening1514 Words   |  7 PagesGenetic testing, also known as screening, is a rapidly advancing new scientific field that can potentially revolutionize not only the world of medicine, but many aspects of our lives. Genetic screening is the sequencing of human DNA in order to discover genetic differences, anomalies, or mutations that may prove pathological. As genetic screening becomes more advanced and easily accessible, it presents society with difficult questions that must be asked about the boundaries of science and to whatRead MoreTaking a Look at Genetic Testing 2274 Words   |  9 Pages Ever heard of Genetic Testing? It’s a branch of Genetic Science (Genetic Science is pretty much characterizing the etiology of illness.) that involves testing the Genome to find mutations that cause disease or will cause disease, an example of this being the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, these genes can get a massive variety of genetic mutations that cause cancer. (Genetic Testing for Cancer: A Complex Decision.) All in all it’s a slowly building advancement in science that’s slowly increasing to a fieldRead MoreThe Problem Of Genetic Testing1286 Words   |  6 PagesAnother is the fact that genetic testing is likely only something the wealthy will be able to afford. This may result in class wars and cause a great deal of resentment. Also, another question is around genetic engineering may cause overpopulation if humans are living longer, but there is no denying the benefit that this technology could also hold the promise of preventing genetic abnormalities that may be passed on to future generation^6. There are three different types of genetic engineering: somaticRead MoreGenetic Testing in the Workplace2011 Words   |  9 PagesGenetic Testing in the Workplace Testing of one kind or another has always been very common in the job application process, whether it’s the testing of one’s skill sets through an application or drug testing. Now, through scientific advances of the Human Genome Project, a new type of testing has become available to employers: genetic testing. This new sort of testing would detect any genetic problems in a potential employee’s DNA, including genetic predisposition for disease and possible healthRead MoreThe Ethics Of Genetic Testing1294 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic testing is a relatively new and rapidly emerging field. Even though this science was seen as controversial, genetic testing has been going on for conditions such as phenylketonuria and sickle cell disease for years. The increase in genetic testing has resulted in the convergence of public health, morals and ethics. Many ethics related issues arise with genetic testing, as well of fear that insurance companies will not reimburse such services. Many moral and ethical obligations appear withRead MoreThe Benefits of Genetic Testing595 Words   |  2 PagesGenetic testing can potentially alter someone’s life and future generations forever by analyzing DNA, RNA, and proteins and subsequently discovering prospective diseases and related problems. While the technology is young and expanding, genetic testing creates a positive future for medicine and people’s everyday life. While many view genetic testing as a route to human gene alteration and the creation of â€Å"designer babies†, one of the largest benefits of the technology lies in its ability to showRead MoreA Research Study On Genetic Testing Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesThe use of genetic information has drawn repeated attention from insurance companies in recent years. Especially the introduce of genetic testing in the industry, which can help set the level of cost of premiums for different groups of the population as well as assess the risk. Many parties have been involved in the debate on whether genetic information can be allowed to use by insurers when assessing those applications, such as government, insurance companies, health service providers. In the UKRead MoreEssay on Genetic Testing and Screening2122 Words   |  9 PagesGenetic Screening Imagine yourself as a 26-year-old pregnant female. You have just been genetically screened and you found out that you carry a gene for breast cancer. This gene almost always causes breast cancer in early adult hood. Your daughter-to-be has just inherited this gene. You have the following options; a) Abort the fetus and discontinue a disease that wont show signs for decades? b) Carry out the pregnancy and pray that your daughter is lucky and wont develop the breast cancer

The Global Business Crisis and Consumer Behavior Free Essays

The Global Business Crisis and Consumer Behavior: Kingdom of Bahrain as a Case Study Durra Mansoor Akram Jalal January 2011 Summary: This research aims to learn how Bahrain consumers affected by global financial crisis since 2007. Additionally, it focuses on changes in consumer behavior after global crisis. The result of this research is based on questioner analysis which tries to measure knowledge about global crises to randomly selected consumers in Bahrain. We will write a custom essay sample on The Global Business Crisis and Consumer Behavior or any similar topic only for you Order Now The World is facing with economic challenges. America, powerful Europe and Asia affected by financial crises in some different levels. The global financial crisis affected all consumers in the World not only economically but also psychologically. This new financial situation increased panic and uncertainty on consumers in globe. In hard and stressful times such as economic crises, consumer behavior changes have occurred. Because of FC, consumers changed their behaviors by reducing their consumption. People became money-minded and they don’t want to spend money for premium products anymore, and they prefer cheapest products. They redefine â€Å"necessities† and â€Å"luxuries†. Also you can read  Business Ethics Comprises So, they only buy the things which are taking place on their shopping list. They’re comparing products and making their choices by compromising quality. Some of them started to manage their income by searching on e-commerce websites to catch best price. They are planning their purchasing by postponing expenditures like discretionary expenditure to make savings. Thus, their total expenditure amount decreased because of global crisis. According to Mansoor and Jalal (2011), the role that consumers play in these days is very crucial to business’ survival. It is driving force behind the success of many businesses, because most of the contemporary consumers spend major time on buying decisions. Consumers buying decision is changing person to person. However, after economic crises, consumer started to spend much time for information and decision making. By predicting consumer’s behavior, a business can understand consumer’s needs, and can work on fulfilling the needs and meeting the expectations of their customers (Mansoor and Jalal, 2011). Businesses should work hard for success of their businesses and try to strengthen their long-term strategies. They should personalize their products to earn consumers’ loyalty. Making investment to their brand and differentiating themselves against to their competitors are also crucial. Businesses should add new and irreplaceable products to their portfolios and build tight relations with their consumers to survive in financial crisis. Consumers in Bahrain adapted to new trends after financial crisis. They preferred to purchase less priced and substitute products compared by expensive products. They though that expensive products are not that much worthy by considering their high prices. How to cite The Global Business Crisis and Consumer Behavior, Papers

Project Risk - Procurement and Quality Management

Question: Describe about the Project Risk, Procurement and Quality Management. Answer: 1: For successful management of any project, it is important to identify the stakeholders. As mentioned by Powell (2015) recognizing the objectives and risks related to the stakeholders management helps an organization to identify the partiality of success and threats related to a certain project. Here, in the case of Wembley stadium, the followings can be mentioned as a few significant stakeholders. The British Government West Dutsche Landbank Brook Field Multiplex Mott MacDonald The employees The community or locality In the Following part, a brief discussion over the stakeholders, organizational objectives, behavioral expectations and potential risks have been made: The Stakeholders Organizational Objectives Behavioural Outcomes Risks Strategic Factors Measures The British Government It will be a prestigious sports organization in the world and a period for the British sports world. The government will be helpful in the construction and management of the stadium. The government and the related organizations will provide financial and legal help in the non-stadium development of Wembley Stadium. Governmental funding can be rejected. The FA faced this issue, while collecting funding for the reconstruction of the stadium. Probable mitigation strategy: Here, the authority needs to maintain better co-ordination with the governmental authorities for ensuring required funding. The organization will provide almost 229 million British pound from visitor expenditure Almost 40 million British pounds will be generated as the tax amount to the British government. Constant governmental overview and evaluation on the development of the project is needed. The locality The stadium will provide a potentiality to the local community for economic growth. The locality will be helpful and co-operative in the construction and management of the stadium. As discussed by Mann (2012) in such cases, the establishment can expect to get competent employees from the local community. The decision regarding the demolition of the twin towers was opposed by the English heritage. Probable mitigation strategy: The importance of the decisions made by the authority needs to be discussed with the community members. 7500 employment opportunity will be generated with the establishment of this stadium. With the eminence and popularity of the stadium, it will collect a hug number of visitors. This will help in overall economic development of the locality. The establishment will not damage the environmental and social fabric of the locality. A representative of the local community needs to be included in the decision making body. The employees The stadium will be well secured and the employees will be happy to work here. The employees will be dedicated and motivated towards the development and management of the stadium. With the low level of the security concerns, and low level of security regarding the salary, the employees may stop working. Probable mitigation strategy: Labor association It will be a sustainable source of income. The stadium will provide a safe working environment. The employees and to discuss all the payment and security related issues prior to engagement. West Dutsche Landbank The stadium authority will maintain a good financial coordination. The bank will provide timely and expected amount of loans or funding to the Stadium or the owning association. The potentiality of bank loan or funding can b rejected. The Football Association failed to collect private financing. Probable mitigation strategy: More concentration can be put on the governmental or public financial organizations for investments. The organization will pay back the loan within the given time and with mentioned amount of interests. A member of the bank can b included within th financial management team of the project. Brook Field Multiplex The stadium authority will maintain an urge of improving the quality of accommodation and amenities. Multiplex will provide the promised service within the given time and allocation. The stakeholders can breach the contract or start demanding more investments. Probable mitigation strategy: Fixed cost contract need to be maintained. The contracting association that the Wembley stadium will keep the promise of maintaining constant flow of mentioned financial requirement. The association will provide a clear picture about their requirements from the sub-contractors. The cost will be reduced and income will be increased with the development of the project with time. A constant co-ordination is needed to be maintained with the client as subcontractors. Mott MacDonald The management of the Stadium will be fair in disbursing the payment claims. The promised quality service will be provided. The contractors may provide bad quality service. Probable mitigation strategy: A quality control team needs to be appointed. Low investment and high return will be expected. A quality control tam needs to be appointed. Figure 1: Stakeholders analysis of WembleyNationalStadiumLtd. Source: created by the author 2: The risks those can be identified as associated to the development of this project are followed: Failure in fund collection: As opined by Basu (2014) in the management of a project, it is important to maintain the constant flow of funding for successful management and implementation of the project. Here, in this context, the FA has faced the issue. They were failed to ensure enough private financing and even the government has declined the request of additional financing. The employees may stop working: as mentioned by Adriaanse and Robinson (2015) in 2004, the stadium authority faced this issue and the low level of employee security became a huge issue. The community disagreement: As the construction of the stadium had an emotional bond with the with the community members, the decision of demolishing the twin towers faced a huge level of opposition from the community. Breach of contract by the contractors: as discussed by Harris and McCaffer (2013) in a large project like Wemble Stadium, the contractors often surpasses the mentioned budget. It can be identified as a breach of contract. The likelihood of the risks can be identified as bellow: Impact Trivial Minor Moderate Major Extreme Risks Failure in fund collection The employees may stop working The community disagreement Breach of contract by the contractors Likely Very likely Possible Unlikely Very likely Probability Risks Failure in fund collection The employees may stop working The community disagreement Breach of contract by the contractors Figure 2: Risk matrix 1 on WembleyNationalStadiumLtd. Source: Created by the author Here, with this risk matrix, it can be noted that, the impact of failure in fund collection, stoppage of work by the employees will provide a huge impact over the management of the project. Moreover, the potentiality of failure in fun collection is quite moderate. On the other hand, the impact of breach of contract by the contractors is major for the project, while, the community disagreement will have a moderate impact. In the context of likelihood of the risk occurrence, the possibility of breach of contract by the contractors is moderate. However, the possibility of stoppage of work by the workers and the community disagreement is minor. However, with some mitigating strategies, the risk potentiality of this particular project can be altered. As discussed by Mead and Gruneberg (2013) for successful management of a particular project, it is important to identify the magnitude of the risks and lay down pragmatic and suitable strategies to lessen the risk. The probable mitigating measures: Issus with fund collection: The FA needed to engage a low number of investors. However, as mentioned by John Wiley et al. (2014) in the context of big projects, it is needed to involve the strong financial supporters. Moreover, here, the FA needed to involve only the public investors. Issues with contractors: As mentioned by McGeorge and Zou (2012) here, the organizations need to opt for a fixed price contract. A fixed price contract will be cost driven. It will be helpful in compelling the constructors manage the task within the given allocation. Moreover, in case of quality control, a qualified and credible evaluating team is needed to be appointed. Issus with labors: As discussed by Mead and Gruneberg (2013) in the construction management projects, the security hazards are the most likely threats. Here, the organizations need to maintain well-structured labor organizations or pre- determined contracts with the labours. It will decrease the cases of labor agitation. Issues with community: As discussed by Lawson, Ogden and Goodier (2014) while dealing with the projects which have some public sensitivity, it is required to make the community know about the decision and collect the consensus from them. Impact Trivial Minor Moderate Major Extreme Risks Failure in fund collection The employees may stop working The community disagreement Breach of contract by the contractors Likely Very likely Possible Unlikely Very likely Probability Risks Failure in fund collection The employees may stop working The community disagreement Breach of contract by the contractors Figure 3: Risk matrix 2 on WembleyNationalStadiumLtd Source: created by the author Here, it can be identified that with the recommended mitigation measures, both the impact and likelihood of the potential risks related to the project can be minimized. According to the author, with the help of Monte Carlo method, the risk of financial instability will best be analyzed. With this particular method, with the help of random sampling method, the probability of the risks and their potential impact of this risk will b examined. As discussed by Ibrahim and Shakantu (2016) this particular method, technique helps in forecasting the likely outcome of an event and thereby helps in making informed project decisions. Topic 3: While discussing about the contract management issues, it is needed to identify the sectors those involves the project management in a sustainable manner. WembleyNationalStadiumLtd. provided its major contract of construction to the Brook Field Multiplex. This managerial plan proved to be a complete failure because the contract management plan lacked a few important issues. Here, in this case study, the following issues can be identified as poorly managed by the managerial authority of WembleyNationalStadiumLtd. The authority provided the contract to the Brook Field Multiplex, which was a company from abroad. As mentioned by Gardner (2015) for managing a construction project, it is important to hire the contractors who are well aware of the local subcontractors, it helps them to manage the project more efficiently and with better co-ordination. Here, in the selected case, by opting for a foreign-based company, the WembleyNationalStadiumLtd. failed to use the advantage of experience in the construction management. Secondly, as mentioned by Roberts (2014) as Brook Field Multiplex was a company which was operational out of England, it became too hard for them to find out the most potential, reliable and competent subcontractors. It made them experience loss in the project of about 300million (Powell 2015). As discussed by Chern (2016) Brook Field Multiplex claimed almost 253million as compensation of its loss in the project from one of its subcontractors. Moreover, as mentioned by Philp (2013) from the very beginning of the project, the Brook Field Multiplex was provided a substantial preference regarding the tender collection. As discussed by Riley and Cotgrave (2014) the procurement process lacked a level playing field. In addition to this, while managing a construction project, it is important for a contracting and the vendor to measure the contract performance. Here, in this case study, the Brook Field Multiplex and WembleyNationalStadiumLtd. both failed to do this. It led them to experience delay in the completion of the project, subsequent legal and economic complexities. As mentioned by Adriaanse and Robinson (2015) it led Multiplex paying penalties for the late finishing of the contract. Last but not the least, as mentioned by Sage, Dainty and Brookes (2014) involving too many stakeholders, created issues in the contact management. The WembleyNationalStadiumLtd. involved too many stakeholders for better financing, but it created issues with the requirement. The Brook Field Multiplex, got the contract over a certain requirement plan, but the vendor continuously changed the requirements in the project. As mentioned by Eduardo Yamasaki Sato and de Freitas Chagas Jr (2014) the company threatened to sue WNSL over changes in the design which they suggest the main reason responsible for the project being late. Thus, these contractual issues can be identified as poorly managed by the WembleyNationalStadiumLtd and The Brook Field Multiplex, which led to the failure of this construction management project. 2: To eliminate the potential contract management issues, it is need for the managers to include some specific mitigation strategy or remedial options within the plan itself. Now, according to the author, it was important to embed some sections for eliminating the above discussed contract management issues from the contractmanagementplan of the Brook Field Multiplex and the WembleyNationalStadiumLtd. It will be easy to understand, if the actions can be discussed in response to every selected issues with separate tone. Selection of the contractors: Here, the WembleyNationalStadiumLtd. failed to select the most suitable contractor for the project. As theprojectmanager, the author suggests to include a point in the tender notice that the contractor needs to be a UK based company. Here, as mentioned by Caesar (2016) a committee can be constituted which will collect the names of the competent local companies, and suggest them to the management team. Moreover, while selecting the company the committee will examine the track of experience of the companies in the selected nation and project type. Moreover, it will be the best to include the representatives of the stakeholders as members of this particular committee (Mackay, Letts and Casey 2014). Issus with tender collection: Moreover, as discussed by while giving tenders it is needed to be honest and providing it to the most competent organization. Here, the WembleyNationalStadiumLtd. failed to ensure this. According to the author, the organization needed to appoint a committee for marinating better corporate governance. However, the organization, appointed a compliance officer to verify the level of mitigation of the demands of the public sector investors. He has nothing to do with the tender allocation. Moreover, the officer was the CEO of the WembleyNationalStadiumLtd. hence; it was not easy to remove biasness from this project. Here, the organization needed to appoint a committee who would be responsible for the selection of the contractors. In addition to this, as mentioned by Taherdoost and Keshavarzsaleh (2015) a committee comprising the representatives of the stakeholders would be helpful in ensuring impartiality in the tender allocation procedure. Including third parties in the can also be helpful in eliminating biasness from the selection procedure. As mentioned in the case study, there were no pre-set rules for the selection of the contractors. here, the author suggests to set some pre-determined selection criteria, based on which the competence of the bidding companies will be examined. As mentioned by Meri?kov and Nemec (2013) it provides a biasfree ground for the bidding companies to compete for the tenders. Selection of the subcontractors: Brook Field Multiplex made a huge mistake by providing contract to the Mott MacDonald. Bing a company based on foreign land, it was unable to select the most competent company in the UK. Here, the company needed to maintain a strict tack checking process before selecting the subcontractors. Here, the contract management plan needed to include a clear specification of the required experience from the subcontractors end. It would b helpful for the company to avoid the issue of mismanagement of the task by Mott MacDonald. As mentioned by Harris and McCaffer (2013) Mott MacDonald`sconstruction blueprint for the stadium steel work was not fitting thee purpose. Moreover, the preliminary designs were not proper ,constructible, coordinated and reliable. However, for the Brook Field Multiplex, it would be based to give the contract to a company from its own group of acquaintance. Brook Field Multiplex also failed to ensure the best quality products and services from Mott MacDonald. It was because of the low level of managerial control and lack of examination of the service offerings. As mentioned Barczak, Jones and Shindledecker (2015) in such cases, it is needed to for the contactors to appoint a supervisor for quality control. Changes in the requirements: While disseminating contracts, the bidders bid depending on the requirements of the vendors. Hence, it is necessary for the vendors not to change the requirements in the middle of the project. As mentioned by Safa et al. (2016) as the project involved too many investors, the requirements went unbound, which make the Brook Field Multiplex face loss in the project. It was important for both the contractor and the vendor to be specific in requirement and service delivery. According to the author, the contracting company Brook Field Multiplex needed to maintain a cost specific agreement with the vendor organization WembleyNationalStadiumLtd. it would be helpful for them to restrict the vendor to make sudden changes within the plan. Moreover, as discussed by Girth (2014) if the company took the way of implementing the project tasks in fragmented manner, it would be easier for them to manage with the ever changing demands of the vendor. Here, the company may go for creating an evaluation committee for the successful management of the project. As per the authors idea, the committee will comprise of representatives of both the contracting and the vendor organization. With the development of every phase, the committee will evaluate the progress and level of mitigation of the vendors demand. Thus, it will be possible to make changes in the project by the contracting company, in the middle of the task. In conclusion, it can be said that the construction management project involving the WembleyNationalStadiumLtd. was a big failure because of the incompetence in project management. 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